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The Nuu-Chah-Nulth live primarily on the western coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, A closely related group, the Makah, live in the Cape Flattery area of northwestern Washington State, The Nuu-Chah-Nulth and the related Makah speak languages in the Southern Wakashan language family. Traditionally, subsistence was based on the hunting of both land and sea animals (seals, whales) as well as fishing (primarily salmon), supplemented by the gathering of wild plants and roots. The basic political unit was the local group. Several local groups together constituted a tribe governed by a chief. In Nuu-Chah-Nulth society each person had an inherited social rank, and all Nuu-Chah-Nulth were rank-ordered in relation to each other. Class structure was apparent by the division of communities into nobles, commoners, and slaves.

Nootkans of Vancouver Island

Second general report on the Indians of British Columbia

The Makah Indians

Games of the Makah Indians of Neah Bay

The Northern and central Nootkan tribes

The Wolf ritual of the northwest coast

Culture summary

Makah marriage patterns and population stability

The Kyuquot way

Traditional trends in modern Nootka ceremonies

Contributions to Clayoquot ethnology

Neah Bay

Makah

Vancouver Island Indians

A Girl's puberty ceremony among the Nootka Indians

Native accounts of Nootka ethnography

The Indians of Cape Flattery

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Arima, Eugene Y.	Nootkans of Vancouver Island	1990
Boas, Franz	Second general report on the Indians of British Columbia	1891
Colson, Elizabeth	The Makah Indians	1953
Dorsey, George A. (George Amos)	Games of the Makah Indians of Neah Bay	1901
Drucker, Philip	The Northern and central Nootkan tribes	1951
Ernst, Alice Henson	The Wolf ritual of the northwest coast	1952
Fleisher, Mark S.	Culture summary	2011
Gunther, Erna	Makah marriage patterns and population stability	1962
Kenyon, Susan M.	The Kyuquot way	1980
Kenyon, Susan M.	Traditional trends in modern Nootka ceremonies	1977
Koppert, Vincent Aloysius	Contributions to Clayoquot ethnology	1930
Miller, Beatrice Diamond	Neah Bay	1952
Renker, Ann M.	Makah	1990
Sapir, Edward	Vancouver Island Indians	1922
Sapir, Edward	A Girl's puberty ceremony among the Nootka Indians	1913
Sapir, Edward	Native accounts of Nootka ethnography	1955
Swan, James G.	The Indians of Cape Flattery	1870

Nuu-chah-nulth

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