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The Tsonga are a group of loosely related Bantu-speaking people living in southern Mozambique and the Northern Province of South Africa. Traditional Tsonga subsistence depended on agriculture practiced by women. With the expansion of mining in South Africa, labor migration has become an important source of income for many rural families. Commercial Tsonga farmers in South African benefited from improved market access, while Mozambican Tsonga suffered from protracted civil wars.

Culture summary

Exclusion, classification and internal colonialism

Labour emigration among the Moçambique Thonga

Heat, physiology, and cosmogony

Terms of kinship and corresponding patterns of behaviour among the Thonga

The life of a South African tribe

Abafazi Bathonga Bafihlakala

Tembe-Thonga kinship

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Boonzaaier, Carl Christiaan	Culture summary	2011
Harries, Patrick	Exclusion, classification and internal colonialism	1989
Harris, Marvin	Labour emigration among the Moçambique Thonga	1959
Heusch, Luc de	Heat, physiology, and cosmogony	1980
Jaques, Alexandre A.	Terms of kinship and corresponding patterns of behaviour among the Thonga	1929
Junod, Henri Alexandre	The life of a South African tribe	1927
Junod, Henri Alexandre	The life of a South African tribe	1927
Rita-Ferreira, A. (António)	Labour emigration among the Moçambique Thonga	1960
Webster, David	Abafazi Bathonga Bafihlakala	1991
Webster, David	Tembe-Thonga kinship	1986

Tsonga

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