Mats and Basketry

Ceramic Technology

Division of Labor by Gender

5311

Visual Arts

Mineral Resources

Buying and Selling

Vegetable Production

Arboriculture

Special Crops

Cultural Identity and Pride

Settlement Patterns

Territorial Hierarchy

Research and Development

Sorcery

Medical Therapy

Revelation and Divination

Magic

Production and Supply

Cooperative Organization

Towns

Ingroup Antagonisms

Social Control

Annual Cycle

Collecting

Tillage

Agricultural Science

Nonalcoholic Beverages

Population

Composition of Population

Birth Statistics

Bibliographies in Sources

Historical Reconstruction

Multi-Ethnic Community Relations

Aftermath of Combat

Rest Days and Holidays

Ritual

Dwellings

Household

Family Relationships

Material Not Relevant

Gender Status

Age Stratification

Techniques of Socialization

Sex Training

Transmission of Cultural Norms

Theory of Disease

Magicians and Diviners

Religious Denominations

Missions

Religious Intolerance and Martyrs

Climate

Soil

Land Use

Kinship Terminology

Kin Relationships

Cousins

Occupational Specialization

Linguistic Identification

Inter-Community Relations

Regulation of Marriage

Mode of Marriage

Arranging a Marriage

Nuptials

Residence

Judicial Authority

Trial Procedure

Special Courts

Status, Role, and Prestige

Community Heads

Community Councils

Community Structure

Cult of the Dead

Cosmology

Eschatology

Location

Topography and Geology

Status of Children

Diet

Rules of Descent

Lineages

Localized Kin Groups

Identification

Acculturation and Culture Contact

Medium of Exchange

Labor Supply and Employment

General Character of Religion

Spirits and Gods

Sacred Objects and Places

Prayers and Sacrifices

Medical Care

Extended Families

Tribe and Nation

Childhood Activities

Puberty and Initiation

Sociocultural Trends

Priesthood

General Tools

Utensils

Polygamy

Burial Practices and Funerals

Mourning

Purification and Atonement

Travel

External Relations

Termination of Marriage

Inheritance

Naming

Ceremonial During Infancy and Childhood

Education System

Property System

Real Property

TSONGA

ETHNONYMS

ORIENTATION

HISTORY AND CULTURAL RELATIONS

SETTLEMENTS

ECONOMY

KINSHIP

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION

RELIGION AND EXPRESSIVE CULTURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION

SUBSISTENCE

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

INDUSTRIAL ARTS

TRADE

DIVISION OF LABOR

LAND TENURE

KIN GROUPS AND DESCENT

KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY

MARRIAGE

DOMESTIC UNIT

INHERITANCE

SOCIALIZATION

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

SOCIAL CONTROL

CONFLICT

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS

CEREMONIES

ARTS

MEDICINE

DEATH AND AFTERLIFE

FRONT

BODY

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The Tsonga are a group of loosely related Bantu-speaking people living in southern Mozambique and the Northern Province of South Africa. Traditional Tsonga subsistence depended on agriculture practiced by women. With the expansion of mining in South Africa, labor migration has become an important source of income for many rural families. Commercial Tsonga farmers in South African benefited from improved market access, while Mozambican Tsonga suffered from protracted civil wars.

Tsonga

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Tsonga

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