Burial Practices and Funerals

Cult of the Dead

Animism

Eschatology

Prayers and Sacrifices

Annual Cycle

Settlement Patterns

Household

Community Structure

Bibliographies in Sources

Gender Status

Basis of Marriage

Regulation of Marriage

Mode of Marriage

Residence

Polygamy

Property System

Real Property

Clans

Government Enterprises

Community Councils

Social Control

Military Organization

Identification

Castes

Community Heads

Multi-Ethnic Community Relations

External Migration

Comparative Evidence

Historical Reconstruction

Sociocultural Trends

Cultural Identity and Pride

Territorial Hierarchy

Pharmaceuticals

Theory of Disease

Sorcery

Shamans and Psychotherapists

Division of Labor by Gender

Traditional History

History

External Relations

Kinship Terminology

Kin Relationships

Cousins

Rest Days and Holidays

Sacred Objects and Places

Purification and Atonement

Ritual

Organized Ceremonial

Reproduction

Social Placement

Puberty and Initiation

Religious and Educational Structures

Revelation and Divination

Priesthood

Speech

Linguistic Identification

Location

Climate

Topography and Geology

Flora

Collecting

Hunting and Trapping

Fishing

Pastoral Activities

Dairying

Buying and Selling

Cooperative Organization

Cosmology

Spirits and Gods

Missions

Production and Supply

Exchange Transactions

Material Not Relevant

Inheritance

Reviews and Critiques

Population

Composition of Population

Morbidity

Mortality

Informal in-Group Justice

Family Relationships

Childbirth

Infant Care

Child Care

Techniques of Socialization

Education System

Rules of Descent

TODA

ETHNONYMS

ORIENTATION

HISTORY AND CULTURAL RELATIONS

SETTLEMENTS

ECONOMY

KINSHIP

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION

RELIGION AND EXPRESSIVE CULTURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CREDITS

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION

SUBSISTENCE

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

INDUSTRIAL ARTS

DIVISION OF LABOR

LAND TENURE

KIN GROUPS AND DESCENT

KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY

MARRIAGE

DOMESTIC UNIT

INHERITANCE

SOCIALIZZATION

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

SOCIAL CONTROL

CONFLICT

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS

CEREMONIES

ARTS

MEDICINE

DEATH AND AFTERLIFE

FRONT

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The Toda are a small group of indigenous people living in the Nilgiri mountains of southern India. They were long portrayed as isolated pastoralist people with their own distinct culture involving a vegetarian diet, worship of dairy-buffalos, and fraternal polyandry (a practice in which a woman marries a group of brothers). As of the 1980s, however, many Toda earned their income from agriculture and other non-farm activities. They also tended to be monogamous, and increasingly interacted with people of different religious faiths, food customs and economic pursuits.

Toda

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Toda

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