Production and Supply

External Trade

Bibliographies in Sources

Population

Composition of Population

Ethnic Stratification

Multi-Ethnic Community Relations

External Relations

Aftermath of Combat

Status, Role, and Prestige

Social Relationships and Groups

Community Structure

Local Officials

Territorial Hierarchy

Form and Rules of Government

Chief Executive

Political Machines

Settlement Patterns

Household

Family Relationships

Income and Demand

Medium of Exchange

Labor Supply and Employment

Accumulation of Wealth

Research and Development

Mats and Basketry

Ceramic Technology

Utensils

Buying and Selling

Material Not Relevant

5310

Verbal Arts

5311

Visual Arts

Music

Musical Instruments

Dance

Inter-Community Relations

Warfare

Community Councils

Social Control

Judicial Authority

Special Courts

External Migration

History

Pastoral Activities

Theory of Disease

Burial Practices and Funerals

Cult of the Dead

Eschatology

Prayers and Sacrifices

Dwellings

Cities

Speech

Linguistic Identification

Magical and Mental Therapy

Revelation and Divination

Priesthood

Religious Denominations

Missions

Religious Intolerance and Martyrs

Outbuildings

Ethos

Etiquette

Political Movements

Fishing

Domesticated Animals

Labor and Leisure

Identification

Political Parties

Sociocultural Trends

Property System

Real Property

Basis of Marriage

Regulation of Marriage

Mode of Marriage

Arranging a Marriage

Termination of Marriage

Polygamy

Division of Labor by Gender

Child Care

Techniques of Socialization

Puberty and Initiation

Topography and Geology

Cultural Identity and Pride

Reviews and Critiques

Arboriculture

Special Crops

Mining and Quarrying

Inheritance

Gender Status

Hospitals and Clinics

Medical Therapy

Medical Care

Rules of Descent

Localized Kin Groups

Elections

Instigation of War

Rest Days and Holidays

Organized Ceremonial

Childbirth

Status of Children

Age Stratification

Citizenship

General Character of Religion

Cosmology

Spirits and Gods

Sacred Objects and Places

Congregations

Tillage

Diet

CULTURE SUMMARY: RWANDANS

ETHNONYMS

ORIENTATION

HISTORY AND CULTURAL RELATIONS

SETTLEMENTS

ECONOMY

KINSHIP

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION

RELIGION AND EXPRESSIVE CULTURE

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS

CEREMONIES

ARTS

MEDICINE

DEATH AND AFTERLIFE

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION

SUBSISTENCE

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

INDUSTRIAL ARTS

TRADE

DIVISION OF LABOR

LAND TENURE

KIN GROUPS AND DESCENT

MARRIAGE

DOMESTIC UNIT

INHERITANCE

SOCIALIZATION

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

SOCIAL CONTROL

CONFLICT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CREDITS

BODY

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The Rwandans encompass groups presently known as Hutu, Tutsi and Twa.  The differentiation is today much greater than in the past when they lived together as members of a single political community beginning with the founding of the Kingdom of Rwanda in the 16th century. The Rwandan monarchy expanded over years to extend control over neighboring kingdoms and chieftaincies through conquest and incorporation. The royal court encouraged hierarchical differentiation between Hutu, Tutsi and Twa as a means of helping organize its rule. This differentiation was further exaggerated during the colonial period, making the meaning of ethnic identity more contentious and the most important cause of cyclical political violence in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa.

Rwandans

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Rwandans

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