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The Toda are a small group of indigenous people living in the Nilgiri mountains of southern India. They were long portrayed as isolated pastoralist people with their own distinct culture involving a vegetarian diet, worship of dairy-buffalos, and fraternal polyandry (a practice in which a woman marries a group of brothers). As of the 1980s, however, many Toda earned their income from agriculture and other non-farm activities. They also tended to be monogamous, and increasingly interacted with people of different religious faiths, food customs and economic pursuits.

Language and social forms

Toda marriage regulations and taboos

Toda culture thirty-five years after

Toda menstruation practices

A phrenologist amongst the Todas

A study of polyandry

The Todas

The Toda of South India

Culture summary

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Language and social forms	1941
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Toda marriage regulations and taboos	1937
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Toda culture thirty-five years after	1939
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Toda menstruation practices	1939
Marshall, William E. (William Elliot)	A phrenologist amongst the Todas	1873
Peter, Prince of Greece	A study of polyandry	1963
Rivers, W. H. R. (William Halse Rivers)	The Todas	1906
Walker, Anthony R.	The Toda of South India	1986
Walker, Anthony R.	Culture summary	2010

Toda

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