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The Toda are a small group of indigenous people living in the Nilgiri mountains of southern India. They were long portrayed as isolated pastoralist people with their own distinct culture involving a vegetarian diet, worship of dairy-buffalos, and fraternal polyandry (a practice in which a woman marries a group of brothers). As of the 1980s, however, many Toda earned their income from agriculture and other non-farm activities. They also tended to be monogamous, and increasingly interacted with people of different religious faiths, food customs and economic pursuits.

Toda marriage regulations and taboos

Toda culture thirty-five years after

Toda menstruation practices

Language and social forms

A phrenologist amongst the Todas

A study of polyandry

The Todas

Culture summary

The Toda of South India

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Toda marriage regulations and taboos	1937
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Toda culture thirty-five years after	1939
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Toda menstruation practices	1939
Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson)	Language and social forms	1941
Marshall, William E. (William Elliot)	A phrenologist amongst the Todas	1873
Peter, Prince of Greece	A study of polyandry	1963
Rivers, W. H. R. (William Halse Rivers)	The Todas	1906
Walker, Anthony R.	Culture summary	2010
Walker, Anthony R.	The Toda of South India	1986

Toda

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