article

Tongan exchange structures: beyond descent and alliance

journal of the Polynesian Society91 (2) • Published In 1982 • Pages: 181-212

By: Biersack, Aletta.

Abstract
This is a very sophisticated anlaysis of Tonga kinship. Biersack first reviews the descent and alliance theories used to analyze Pacific islands kinship systems. Then she examines Tonga kinship terminology and behavioral norms, before proposing her theory on the Tonga alliance and exchange system. According to Biersack, Tonga kin terms and exchange practices reveal two complimentary classes of kin: parallel siblings and their children, and cross-siblings and their children. Both are asymmetric relationships. In the former age is the main criteria of rank ordering and in the latter, gender. Mats, food, women, and services are exchanged within the cross siblings matrix and land, titles, and kava, within the parallel siblings matrix. Biersack emphasizes that it is the relationship between parts that matter, not the parts themselves, calling her model a 'complex exchange structure.'
Subjects
Status, role, and prestige
Visiting and hospitality
Family relationships
Kin relationships
Avuncular and nepotic relatives
Kindreds and ramages
Territorial hierarchy
culture
Tongans
HRAF PubDate
2006
Region
Oceania
Sub Region
Polynesia
Document Type
article
Evaluation
Creator Type
Ethnologist
Document Rating
4: Excellent Secondary Data
Analyst
Ian Skoggard; 2004
Field Date
unknown
Coverage Date
not specified
Coverage Place
Tonga
Notes
Aletta Biersack
Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-212)
LCCN
08012644
LCSH
Tongans