Dwellings

Public Structures

Grounds

Settlement Patterns

Gift Giving

Community Structure

Division of Labor by Gender

Labor Supply and Employment

Mutual Aid

Age Stratification

Speech

Linguistic Identification

Mats and Basketry

Mining and Quarrying

Bone, Horn, and Shell Technology

Lithic Industries

Location

Topography and Geology

Real Property

Changes in Property Rights

Inheritance

Vegetable Production

Lineages

Clans

Community Heads

External Relations

Theory of Disease

Medical Therapy

Theological Systems

Bibliographies in Sources

Identification

Citizenship

Revolution

Instigation of War

Menstruation

Techniques of Socialization

Transmission of Cultural Norms

Education System

Puberty and Initiation

Acculturation and Culture Contact

Nuclear Family

Extended Families

Public Welfare

Climate

Prehistory

5310

Verbal Arts

5311

Visual Arts

Music

Dance

Discipline and Morale

Population

Composition of Population

History

Labor Relations

Political Movements

Visiting and Hospitality

Cultural Participation

Kinship Terminology

Cult of the Dead

Spirits and Gods

Sacred Objects and Places

Missions

Ethnogeography

Exchange Transactions

Internal Trade

Inter-Community Relations

Territorial Hierarchy

Material Not Relevant

Residence

Adoption

Burial Practices and Funerals

Cosmology

Eschatology

1710

Cultural Revitalization and Ethnogenesis

Regulation of Marriage

Mode of Marriage

Arranging a Marriage

Termination of Marriage

Polygamy

Sorcery

Magic

Fishing

Domesticated Animals

Special Crops

Organized Ceremonial

CULTURE SUMMARY: KANAK

ETHNONYMS

ORIENTATION

HISTORY AND CULTURAL RELATIONS

SETTLEMENTS

ECONOMY

KINSHIP

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION

RELIGION AND EXPRESSIVE CULTURE

CREDITS

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION

SUBSISTENCE

INDUSTRIAL ARTS

TRADE

DIVISION OF LABOR

LAND TENURE

KIN GROUPS AND DESCENT

KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY

MARRIAGE

DOMESTIC UNIT

INHERITANCE

SOCIALIZATION

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

SOCIAL CONTROL

CONFLICT

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS

CEREMONIES

ARTS

MEDICINE

DEATH AND AFTERLIFE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

FRONT

BODY

BACK

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The Kanak of New Caledonia traditionally used intensive irrigation in raising the staple crops of yams, taro and bananas, a diet supplemented by fishing and raising pigs. The nuclear family was the principal unit of production and fundamental social unit, organized successively into extended families, patrilineages, and clans, a system elaborately mapped onto the settled and natural landscape as a set of genealogies, land rights, and territories. Lineage heads served as chiefs who maintained the social order and were the focal points of redistribution networks; the heads of ancestral lineages served as clan elders who weighed in on moral issues (including land and matrimonial disputes) and guided ceremonial life. Under French territorial administration, the Kanak lost control of much of their traditional lands, undercutting the role of chiefs, while mining offered male employment outside the communities. Social unrest following the collapse of a nickel boom in the 1970s spurred an independence movement and economic reforms.

Kanak

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Kanak

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