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The term &#x22;Chinookans of the Lower Columbia River&#x22; is a reference to the group of Chinookan language speakers living on the northwest coast of the United States in the states of Washington and Oregon and on both banks of the Lower Columbia River from its mouth to just beyond the Willamette River. The group consists of the Chinook proper, the Clackamas, Clatsop, Shoalwater Chinook,  Wahkiakum, and Cathlamet (Kathlamet).  Chinookan is a branch of the Penutian phylum of languages, and is divided into Upper and Lower Chinookan (Upper Chinookan is treated as a different group of cultures). The villages consisted of both permanent winter villages and  temporary summer camps. Each village had its own chief whose status and prestige varied within the area. Hunting, fishing, and gathering were the primary subsistence activities of the Chinookans.

Culture summary

Chinook songs

The doctrine of souls and disease among the Chinook Indians

A Pattern of verbal irony in Chinookan

Intermarriage and agency

Lower Chinook ethnographic notes

The Chinook Indians in the early 1800s

The historical position of the Lower Chinook in the native culture of the Northwest

Author	Title	Publication Date
Beierle, John	Culture summary	2004
Boas, Franz	Chinook songs	1979
Boas, Franz	The doctrine of souls and disease among the Chinook Indians	1979
Hymes, Dell H.	A Pattern of verbal irony in Chinookan	1987
Peterson del Mar, David	Intermarriage and agency	1995
Ray, Verne Frederick	Lower Chinook ethnographic notes	1938
Ray, Verne Frederick	The Chinook Indians in the early 1800s	1975
Ray, Verne Frederick	The historical position of the Lower Chinook in the native culture of the Northwest	1937
Ruby, Robert H.	The Chinook Indians	1976
Silverstein, Michael	Chinookans of the Lower Columbia	1990
Suttles, Wayne	Bibliography	1990

Chinookans of the Lower Columbia River

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