essay
Iroquois since 1820
Handbook of North American Indians. Northeast • 15 • Published In 1978 • Pages: 449-465 [dc]
By: Tooker, Elisabeth.
AbstractBrief abstract written by HRAF anthropologists who have done the subject indexing for the document
During the first two decades of the nineteenth century, the various social, economic, and political consequences of the Iroquois defeat by the Americans in the Revolution, were apparent. Many Iroquois, including a large number who had been loyal to the British, moved to reserves in Canada, while others remained in their old homelands which were now part of the United States of America. 'The once powerful and independent Iroquois confederacy had become 'nations within nations'' (p. 449). By 1820 it was clear to the Iroquois that in order to deal with whites as neighbors they would have to change their whole economic base of existence (e.g., from a hunting-gathering society to one based essentially on sedendary agriculture). This article traces the various changes that took place in the society from the early nineteenth to the late twentieth century (ca. 1970s). Tooker describes the loss of Indian lands, the establishment of reservations, missionization, changes in political, economic, and religious structures, medicine societies, curing practices, and modern (ca. 1970s) reservation life.
- SubjectsDocument-level OCM identifiers given by the anthropology subject indexers at HRAF
- Sociocultural trends
- Public welfare
- Shamans and psychotherapists
- General character of religion
- Organized ceremonial
- Missions
- cultureCulture name from the Outline of World Cultures (OWC)
- Iroquois
- HRAF PubDateThe date HRAF published the document
- 1996
- RegionThe area the document pertains to
- North America
- Sub RegionThe more specific area the document pertains to, which is located within the Region
- Eastern Woodlands
- Document TypeMay include journal articles, essays, collections of essays, monographs, or chapters/parts of monographs
- essay
- Evaluation
- Creator TypeThe type of person writing the document, e.g. Ethnographer, Missionary, Archaeologist, Folklorist, Linguist, Indigenous Person, and so on.
- Ethnologist
- Document Rating A ranking done by HRAF anthropologists based on the strength of the source material on a scale of 1 to 5, as follows: 1 - poor; 2 - fair; 3 - good, useful data, but not uniformly excellent; 4 - excellent secondary data; 5 - excellent primary data.
- 4: Excellent Secondary Data
- 5: Excellent Primary Data
- AnalystThe HRAF anthropologist who subject indexed the document and prepared other materials for the eHRAF culture/tradition collection
- John Beierle ; 1994
- Field DateThe date the researcher conducted the fieldwork or archival research that produced the document
- no date
- Coverage DateThe date or dates that the information in the document pertains to
- variable
- Coverage PlaceLocation of the research culture or tradition (often a smaller unit such as a band, community, or archaeological site)
- United States and Canada
- NotesAdditional notes
- Elisabeth Tooker
- GPO Stock no.: 047-000-00351-2
- Bibliography included as document no. 54
- LCCNLibrary of Congress Control Number
- 77017162
- LCSHLibrary of Congress Subject Headings
- Iroquois Indians