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Babylon was a major political and cultural center in the Near East during the early second and late first millenniums BCE, an heir to the Sumerian and Akkadian empires, and competitor with the Assyrian empire. Although politically unified, Babylonia was a dynamically multicultural, multiethnic, and multilingual population, with successive emigrant populations and dynastic Aramaic-speaking elites, who adopted the formal cuneiform writings of Sumer and Akkad. Agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing were the bases of subsistence. Temple and palace institutions maintained large land holdings and a dependent labor force, controlling a fundamentally redistributive economy. A parallel entrepreneurial economy operated throughout the ancient Near East and into the Indus Valley. City gods and cults, along with grand myths and associated rituals, made up a rich religious tradition.

La religion Babylonienne

Writing, law, and kingship in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia

Culture Summary

Mesopotamia

Hammurabi and the end of his dynasty

The Babylonians

The greatness that was Babylon

The scribe in Babylonian society

Nebuchadnezzar's Babylon

Astronomy and culture in Late Babylonian Uruk

Women in Mesopotamia

Diagnosis and therapy in Babylonian medicine

Rites of marriage, divorce, and adoption in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia

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Author	Title	Publication Date
Bottéro, Jean	La religion Babylonienne	1952
Charpin, Dominique	Writing, law, and kingship in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia	2010
Culbertson, Laura	Culture Summary	2019
Delaporte, Louis	Mesopotamia	1925
Gadd, C. J. (Cyril John)	Hammurabi and the end of his dynasty	1965
Leick, Gwendolyn	The Babylonians	2003
Saggs, H. W. F.	The greatness that was Babylon	1988
Saggs, H. W. F.	The scribe in Babylonian society	1965
Saggs, H. W. F.	Law	1965
Saggs, H. W. F.	Nebuchadnezzar's Babylon	1965
Steele, John M.	Astronomy and culture in Late Babylonian Uruk	2011
Stol, Marten	Women in Mesopotamia	1995
Stol, Marten	Diagnosis and therapy in Babylonian medicine	1991
Yoffee, Norman	Rites of marriage, divorce, and adoption in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia	2014

Babylonians

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