Nooy-Palm, Hetty. The Sa'dan-Toraja: a study of their social life and religion
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Table of Contents
Publication Information
Front Matter
Body
Chapter I The Sa’dan-toraja And Their Environment 1
I.1 Introduction
I.2 The Land
I.3 Present-day Administration
I.4 The Name Sa’dan-toraja; Differentiation From Neighbouring Ethnicities
I.5 Toraja History, A Résumé
1.6 Economics
1.7 A Critical Appraisal Of Available Literature About The Sa’dan-toraja
Annex Ia
Annex Ib
Chapter Ii Kinship Structure
Ii.1 Descent Groups
Ii.1.1 Ancestor-focus
Ii.1.2 Status Ramages
Ii.2 Ego-focus: The Kindred 20
Ii.3 Affinal Kin (rampean)
Ii.4 Kinship Terminology
Ii.4.1 Consanguines
A. Siblings And Cousins
B. Aunts, Uncles, Nephews And Nieces
C. Grandparents; Grandchildren
Ii.4.2 Affines
Ii.5 Marriage
Ii.5.1. Forms Of Marriage; Marriage Prescriptions And Restrictions
Ii.5.2 The Kapa’
Ii.5.3 Children In The Adat-system
Ii.6 Summary
Annex Iia
Chapter Iii The Classes
Iii.1 Class Division In Kesu’
Iii.1.1 Kesu’
Iii.1.2 Nonongan
Iii.1.3 Titles And Duties
Iii.2 Classes In Sangalla’
Iii.3 Summary
Chapter Iv Traditional Socio-political Organization
Iv.1 Traditional Political Units
Iv.1.1 Adat-communities
Iv.1.2 The Bua’- Or Penanian-communities
Iv.1.3 Patang Penanian; Other Penanian-leagues
Iv.1.4 The Lembang
Iv.1.5 Buntao’, An Autonomous Patang Penanian
Iv.1.6 The Federation Of Kesu’ (map 3)
Iv.1.7 The Princedom Of Sangalla’, One Of The Tallulembangna
Iv.1.8 Ma’kale And Mengkendek
Iv.2 The Village: Functions
Iv.2.1 Introduction
Iv.2.2. Kinship In The Settlement
Iv.2.3 Local Divisions In Connection With The Offices Which Village Residents Hold
Iv.2.4 Summary
Chapter V Prominent Characteristics Of Sa’dan-toraja Religion
V.1 Introduction
V.2 Principles Of Classification In Sa’dan-toraja Cosmology
V.3 The Gods
V.4 Souls, Ancestors, And Spirits
V.4.1 Souls (bombo) 75
V.4.2 Ancestors
V.4.3 Spirits (localized)
V.4.4 Dangerous Spirits And Dangerous People
V.5 The Concepts Of Spirit And Soul; Conclusion
Annex Va
Annex Vb
Chapter Vi Mythology
Vi.1 Myths About The Creation Of The Universe And The Institution Of Rituals
Vi.1.1 Kesu’: Passomba Tedong, The Consecration Of The Buffalo
Vi.1.2a The Creation Myth As Handed Down In Riu (lembang Suloara, Kecamatan Sesean)
Vi.1.2b The Creation Myth From Tikala, Lembang Suloara’
Vi.2 Myths Telling About The Arrival Of The Ancestors On Earth And The Adventures Of Their Descendants
Vi.2.1 The To Manurun In The Puang-regions: Tamborolangi’ And Lakipadada
A. Tamborolangi’
B. The Adventures Of Lakipadada As Told By Puang Willem Popang Sombolinggi’ (sangalla’ 1969)
Vi.2.2 The To Manurun In Kesu’
Vi.2.2a Manaek And Polopadang (told By Bua’ Sarungallo) 106
Vi.2.2b Polopadang And Deatanna (told By B. Sarungallo)
Vi.2.3 The To Manurun In Riu
Vi.2.4 The Arrival Of The Ancestors From The Island Of Pongko’
Vi.3 Myths Concerning The Consequences Of Incest
Vi.4 Miscellaneous Myths
Vi.4.1 Ulelean; Introduction
Vi.4.2 Tales Of Thievery And The Underworld 116
Vi.4.2a The Tale Of Pong Sumbung Sare Pio (‘he Who Wears A Loin Cloth Of Stitched-together Rags’)
Vi.4.2b The Myth Of Marampio Padang
Vi.4.3 Tulangdidi’ And Bulu Pala’
Vi.4.3a Tulangdidi’
Vi.4.3b Bulu Pala’
Vi.4.4 Till Eulenspiegel Tales
Vi.4.5a The Myth Of Pano Bulaan
Vi.4.5b Rangga Bulaan 127
Chapter Vii Animals And Plants In Ritual And Myth
Vii.1 White And Pied Buffaloes
Vii.1.1 Colour, Markings And Other Characteristics
Vii.1.2 The Family Tree Of The Kerbau
Vii.1.3 The Kerbau In Art And In Ritual
Vii.1.4 The Buffalo As A Symbol Of The Ramage’s Power And Wealth
Vii.1.5 The Division Of The Meat
Vii.1.6 Pemanala; The Parts Of The Pesung
Vii.2 The Pig
Vii.2.1 Division Of The Meat After The Sacrifice Of A Pig In Kesu’; Informant Bua’ Sarungallo
Vii.3 The Chicken
Vii.4 Other Birds
Vii.5 The Dog
Vii.6 The Cat
Vii.6.1 Beliefs And Categories
Vii.6.2 Prohibitions And Customs
Vii.7 The Snake And The Eel
Vii.8 The Tree Of Life
Vii.9 The Bate Manurun, The ‘flag’ Which Came Down From Heaven 159
Vii.10 Rice
Vii.11 Millet
Vii.12 Maize
Vii.13 The Tabang (cordyline Terminalis): Bloodwort
Vii.14 Langsat (langsa’, Lansium Domesticum)
Vii.15 Induk (sugar Palm, Arenga Saccharifera)
Vii.16 The Banana
Vii.17 Ipo
Vii.18 Bilante (homolanthus Populneus)
Vii.19 Suke Bombo
Vii.20 Cotton And Other Plants
Chapter Viii Material Symbols
Viii.1 The Tongkonan
Viii.1.1 General Description Of The Tongkonan; Function
Viii.1.2 The Internal Layout Of A Tongkonan (see Fig. Viii.1)
Viii.1.3 Woodcarving; Special Motifs
Viii.1.4 The A’riri Posi’
Viii.1.5 The Ampang Bilik Or Ruma-ruma
Viii.1.6 The Tongkonan As A Cosmic Symbol
Viii.1.7 The House In History And Myth; And The Ritual Of Its Construction
Viii.2 The Ricebarn
Viii.3 Other Symbols: Kandaure, Swords, Krisses, Sacral Textiles And Drums
Viii.3.1 Kandaure
Viii.3.2 Swords
Viii.3.3 Krisses And Other Weapons
Viii.3.4 Sacral Cloths
Viii.3.5 Drums
Viii.4 The Grave, ‘the House From Which No Smoke Rises’
Viii.5 The Tau-tau (effigies)
Viii.5.1 Manufacture Of A Tau-tau
Viii.5.2 Function Of The Tau-tau
Viii.6 Megaliths
Viii.6.1 Description
Viii.6.2 The Raising Of A Monolith
Viii.6.2a Mangriu’ Batu, The Hauling Of A Monolith In Kesu’
Viii.6.2b In Sangalla’
Viii.6.3 Other Stones
Viii.7 Sacrificial Shrines
Viii.7.1 Substitutes For The Celestial Ladder
Viii.7.2 Other Shrines And Receptacles
Chapter Ix Priests
Ix.1 The To Minaa
Ix.2 The To Menani
Ix.3 The To Indo’ Padang
Ix.4 The To Mebalun
Ix.5 The To Burake: The To Burake Tattiku’ And The To Burake Tambolang
Ix.6 The To Ma’dampi
Ix.7 The Burake And The Priests Of Neighbouring Peoples; Summary
Notes
Chapter I
Chapter Ii
Chapter Iii
Chapter Iv
Chapter V
Chapter Vi
Chapter Vii
Chapter Viii
Chapter Ix
A Glossary And Index Of The Most Frequently Used Toraja And Indonesian Terms And Names
Bibliography
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Preface
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Chapter I Division And Characterization
Chapter Ii The Great Bua’-feast
1. Introduction
2. The Sequence Of Events In Pangala’ District 6
3. The La’pa’ Kasalle As Celebrated In Kesu’
4. The Great Bua’-feast In Riu On The Slopes Of Sesean
5. The “big Day” And The Days After In The Bua’-feast In Batu Kamban, Riu (october 24-27, 1970)
Chapter Iii The Merok-feast
1. Reasons For Holding The Feast (kesu’ And Buntao’)
2. Persons With A Role In The Merok-feast
3. Clothing And Regalia Worn By Functionaries During The Merok-feast
4. Rice In The Merok-feast
5. Sacrificial Animals In The Merok-feast
6. Buildings, Animals And Plants In The Merok-feast
7. The Rites Of The Merok-feast In Kesu’
8. The Rites Of The Merok-feast In Buntao’
9. Ma’ta’da And Matanna (allona) In The Village Of Kadinge’ (1969)
Chapter Iv The Rice Ritual
1. Priests And Functionaries
2. Rice Cultivation
2.1. Varieties Of Rice
2.2. Sawahs
2.3. Tools
2.4. Agricultural Tasks
3. The Rice Ritual In Kesu’
4. The Rice, The Datu And The Deata
5. The Bua’ Padang
6. Menammu Pare In The Village Of Ke’te, Kesu’ (july 1983)
Chapter V Rituals Of The East Related To Man’s Life Cycle
1. Introduction 103
2. Suru’na Mellolo Tau, Rituals Having To Do With Birth And The Period Immediately After
2.1. Pregnancy And Birth
2.2. Twins
2.3. Name-giving And First Hair-cut
3. Practices Which Concern Adolescents
4. The Marriage Ritual (suru’na Rampanan Kapa’)
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The Marriage Ceremony (sangalla’)
5. The Death Ritual Of The To Burake, To Minaa Sando, And The To Menani; Three Priests Who Participate In The Great Bua’-feast
Chapter Vi Rituals Of Exorcism: Maro And Bugi’
1. Introduction
2. Maro
2.1. Name And Goal Of The Ritual
2.2 The Maro-ritual For The Sick
2.3. Descriptions Of The Maro-rites
2.4. The Maro-ritual To Cure The Sick As It Originated In The Upperworld
2.5. Characteristics Of The Maro-ritual
2.6. Maro-songs
2.7. The Maro As Conversion Ritual During A Burial
2.8. Bate Umpabalik Bandera To Mate, Held In Sereale Village
2.9. Epilogue
3. Bugi’
3.1. The Goal Of The Bugi’-ritual
3.2. The Term Bugi’
3.3. Differences And Similarities With The Maro-feast
3.4. Diverse Forms Of The Bugi’
3.5. The Deata Sojourn On Earth: Ma’bugi’ Padang
Chapter Vii Conversion Rituals
1. Introduction
2. Different Orders Of Conversion Rituals
2.1. Babo Bo’bo’, The Conversion Ritual After The Dikaletekan Tallu Manuk
2.2. Piong Sanglampa And Pesung Sangdaun, The Conversion Ritual After The Disilli’
2.3. Manglika’ Biang, The Intertwining Of The Biang-reed, The Conversion Ritual After The Didedekan Pangkung Bai And The Bai Tungga’
2.4. Ma’tadoran Manuk, The Conversion Ritual After The Bai A’pa’
2.5. Ma’tadoran Bai, The Conversion Ritual After The Sangbongi
2.6. Ma’palangngan Para, The Conversion Ritual After The Tallung Bongi
2.7. Manganta’, The Conversion Ritual After Several Higher Rituals
2.7.1. Celebration Of The Manganta’-ritual In Tonga, Kesu’ (october 17, 1966)
2.8. Mangrara Pare, A Conversion Ritual After The Highest Death Rituals
2.8.1. The Prayer Pronounced During The Mangrara Pare
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Chapter Viii Death Rituals: Introduction And General Review
1. Introduction
2. General Review
Chapter Ix Simple Death Rituals
1. Rituals For Children And Poor People
1.1. Dikaletekan Tallu Manuk
1.2. Disilli’ 153
1.3. Didedekan Pangkung Bai
1.4. Bai Tungga’
1.5. Bai A’pa’
2. Rituals At Which At Least One Buffalo Is Slaughtered
2.1. The Sangbongi Or Dipasang Bongi
2.2. The Tallung Bongi
Chapter X Death Rituals Of A Higher Order
1. Introduction
2. Limang Bongi, The Five Nights Ritual
3. Pitung Bongi (or Dipapitung Bongi)
4. Dirapa’i, That Which Is Enacted With An Interval
5. Ma’tomatua
5.1. Introduction
5.2. The Meaning Of The Ma’tomatua
5.3. Prayers From The Ma’tomatua
5.3.1. Pangimbo Umpatorro Pangngan 174
6. Ma’tombi, A Rite From The Limang Bongi Held In Sangalla’, 1966
7. Ma’batang Tombi In Parinding Village In The Kecamatan Of Tikala’ (bori’ Subdistrict)
8. Ma’parando In Sangalla’ 207
Chapter Xi Sa’pang’s Funeral
1. The First Part Of The Death Ritual For Sa’pang At Tandung, Kesu’
1. 1. Background And Preparations
1.2. Aluk Pia, First Part Of The Death Ritual
1.3. The Second Part Of The Death Ritual For Sa’pang
1.4. Description Of The Feast Terrain
2. The Contribution Of Buffaloes By Sa’pang’s Children And The Proposed Division Of The Deceased’s Sawahs
3. The Badong Sung At Tandung
4. The Recitation During Division Of Sacrificial Meat Among Descendants (mantaa Bati’)
Chapter Xii A Princely Burial
1. The First Part Of The Death Ritual For Puang Lasok Rinding Of Sangalla’: The Ma’batang Or Dipantunuan Pia
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Ma’batang And Ma’karu’dusan, October 5-7, 1970
1.3. Allo Torro; Thursday, October 8, 1970
1.4. Mebalun; Friday, October 9, 1970
1.5. Ma’tombi Banua; Saturday, October 10, 1970
1.6. Mantunu; Sunday, October 11, 1970
1.7. Ma’parempe’; Monday, October 12, 1970
1.8. Ma’bolong; Friday, October 16, 1970
Ma’pakatua 271
1.9. Ma’poli’ 272
1.10. Ma’pasurruk
1.11. Commentary Concerning The First Part Of The Death Ritual
2. The Second Part Of The Death Ritual For Puang Lasok Rinding Of Sangalla’
2.1. Background And Preparations
2.2. Rites
2.3. Commentary
Chapter Xiii Headhunting (mangaung)
1. Introduction
2. Areas Where Headhunting Was Customary
3. Reasons Why A Headhunt Would Be Undertaken
4. The Ritual Implications Of Headhunting
Chapter Xiv Conclusions
1. Introduction
2. Myths And Rituals
3. Binary Opposites And The Tri-partite Cosmos
4. Food And Rituals
4.1. The Death Ritual And Rice
4.2. Rice And Headhunting
4.3. Rice In The Death Ritual Of The East
5. Rice And Myths
Back Matter
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