Linguistic Identification

Bibliographies in Sources

Age Stratification

Gender Status

Extended Families

Lineages

Regulation of Marriage

Child Care

Independence Training

Medical Therapy

Ethnobotany

Inheritance

Glossary

Reviews and Critiques

Identification

Location

Composition of Population

External Migration

Settlement Patterns

Acculturation and Culture Contact

Kin Relationships

Social Control

Organization and Analysis of Results

External Relations

Military Organization

Warfare

Aftermath of Combat

Personal Names

Household

Rules of Descent

Clans

Mutual Aid

Residence

Sodalities

Religious Denominations

Missions

Population

Material Not Relevant

Mode of Marriage

Arranging a Marriage

Sex and Marital Offenses

Private Welfare Agencies

Traditional History

Phonology

5310

Verbal Arts

5311

Visual Arts

Musical Instruments

Spirits and Gods

Individual Enterprise

Basis of Marriage

Termination of Marriage

Secondary Marriages

Polygamy

Kinship Terminology

Occupational Specialization

Labor Supply and Employment

Shamans and Psychotherapists

Animism

Oratory

Burial Practices and Funerals

Eschatology

Games

Rest Days and Holidays

Prayers and Sacrifices

Organized Ceremonial

Medical Personnel

Revelation and Divination

Ingroup Antagonisms

Family Relationships

Informal in-Group Justice

Housekeeping

Division of Labor by Gender

CULTURE SUMMARY: NORTH AMERICAN HMONG

ETHNONYMS

ORIENTATION

HISTORY AND CULTURAL RELATIONS

SETTLEMENTS

ECONOMY

KINSHIP

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION

RELIGION AND EXPRESSIVE CULTURE

SYNOPSIS

INDEXING NOTES

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

RELIGIOUS PRACTITIONERS

CEREMONIES

ARTS

MEDICINE

DEATH AND AFTERLIFE

IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION

SUBSISTENCE AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

DIVISION OF LABOR

KIN GROUPS AND DESCENT

KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY

MARRIAGE

DOMESTIC UNIT

INHERITANCE

SOCIALIZATION

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

SOCIAL CONTROL

CONFLICT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BODY

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The Hmong originated in the Yellow and Yangtze River regions of China, moving to the mountains of Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos in the early 1800s. The resettlement of Hmong people from Laos to North America is a direct result of fighting on the United States' side in the Vietnam War. Many Hmong fled to Laos refugee camps after the war and were resettled in North America. Originally the Hmong were dispersed to small communities across United States and Canada. By the late 1980s, secondary migration resulted in ethnic enclave formation in particular areas. The largest consolidations of Hmong people are found in Minnesota, California and Wisconsin. Hmong in North America are employed in many different kinds of wage labor ranging from farming and factory work to social service work. Hmong are beginning to enter the legal and medical professions in significant numbers, and are increasingly being promoted to business and social service management positions.

North American Hmong

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North American Hmong

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