article

Labour emigration among the Moçambique Thonga: comments on a study by Marvin Harris

Africa30 (2) • Published In 1960 • Pages: 141-152

By: Rita-Ferreira, A. (António).

Abstract
This article is a response to Marvin Harris's previous paper on factors which led to the conversion of the Thonga from autonomous smallholder farmers to vulnerable wage workers. While Harris attributes this transformation to gender and power relations within the family (notably the traditional subordinate position of the younger brothers within Thonga socioeconomic hierarchy), the present article focuses on cultural duties expected of family members. More precisely, the paper locates this transformation in broad characteristic features of Thonga society including the expectation that family members and relatives are 'entitled of right not only to hospitality but also to gifts of various kinds and to labor assistance.' The article discusses how these shared virtues serve both as a push and pool factors for cyclical migration. In other words, availability of labor help made it easy for household heads to migrate while the obligation to give gifts and assist others forced migrants to come back.
Subjects
Cultural identity and pride
Community structure
Labor supply and employment
External relations
Household
Family relationships
Inter-ethnic relations
Acculturation and culture contact
History
culture
Tsonga
HRAF PubDate
2010
Region
Africa
Sub Region
Southern Africa
Document Type
article
Evaluation
Creator Type
Anthropologist
Document Rating
4: Excellent Secondary Data
5: Excellent Primary Data
Analyst
Teferi Abate Adem; 2010
Field Date
no date
Coverage Date
1890-1960
Coverage Place
Thonga villages in Mozambique and South Africa
Notes
A. Rita-Ferreira
Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-151)
LCCN
29010790
LCSH
Tsonga (African peoples)