Maiskii, I. M. (Ivan Mikhailovich), 1884-1975. Contemporary Mongolia
Page Focus
Table of Contents
Publication Information
Front Matter
Body
The Country
Geographical Location And Boundaries
Size And Area.
Surface
The Soil
Irrigation
Climate
Flora
Fauna
Summary
Population
General Size Of The Population
Previous Data
The Cenus Of 1918
Size Of The Population
Density Of The Population
The Mongols
1. Tribal Subdivisons
Three Branches Of Mongol Nationality
The Khalkhas
The Dürbets
Small Tribes
The Tribes In Numerical Relation
Distribution By Territory
Distribution In Khoshuns
Average Size Of Khoshun
Size Of Ecclesiastical Principalities
Variation In The Density Of The Population
Breakdown By Sex
4. Breakdown By Age
5. Size Of Family And Number Of Households
6. Division Into Classes
Princes
Nobles
Free Citizens
Serfs
The Clergy
Numerical Correlation Of Classes
7. Physical Aspects Of The Mongol
Outside Outward Appearance
Health
Diseases
8. Spiritual Characteristics Of The Mongol
A Passive Temperament
Laziness And Inactivity
Time Is Not Money
Dirt And Filth
Ignorance And Superstition
Powers Of Observation And Curiosity
Geniality And Hospitality
Relationships Between Sexes
Prostitution
Honesty And Peaceful Disposition
Mode Of Living
Clothing
Food
Living Quarters
Marriage
Family
Bringing Up Of The Children
Death And Burial
Are The Mongols Dying Out?
Established Opinions
Criticism Of Established Opinions
The Number Of Mongols In The Xii–xiv Centuries
Stationary State Of The Population Of Central Asia
First-hand Impressions
The Chinese
General Characteristics
Historical Data
Sex And Age
Occupations
Distribution In The Country
Maimatchen
The Chinese Cemetery
Organization And Institutions
The Chinese Theatre
The Chinese And The Mongols
Weakness Of Chinese Influence In Autonomous Mongolia
Causes Of Weakness Of Chinese Influence
Attitude Of The Mongols Toward The Chinese
The Russians
1. Historical Data
Two Roots Of Russian Colonization.
2. General Characteristics Of The Russian Emigration
The Trading Element
Other Elements
Buryats
Institutions And Organizations
The Russians And The Mongols
Russian Influence In Autonomous Mongolia
The Mongol Attitude Toward The Russians
The City And The Steppe
The Population Of The City And That Of The Steppe
Monastery Cities
Urga
Other Monastery Cities
Uliassutai And Kobdo
Correlation Between City And Steppe Populations
Summary
National Economy
Untitled Section: ...
1. Species Of Livestock
Five Species Of Livestock
Horses
Horned Cattle
Camels
Sheep
Goats
2. System Of Economy
Primitive Type Animal Husbandry
Communal Land Ownership
Grazing Lands
A Nomad Existence
The Weak Points In Mongolian Livestock-breeding
3. Quantity Of Livestock
Previous Calculations
Census Of 1918.
Horses
Camels
Horned Cattle
Sheep And Goats
Summary Of Results
Live Stock Breakdown By Types
Autonomous Mongolia — A Country Of Small Stock-breeding Economy
Economies Of The Princes And The Church
Distribution Of Livestock Through The Country
4. Is The Quantity Of Live Stock Increasing In Autonomous Mongolia
The Difficulty Of Answering This Question
Opinions Of Well-informed Persons
Approximate Calculations
Insignificance Of The Increase
Disposal Of Liquid Capital
Saturation Of Autonomous Mongolia With Livestock
5. Products Of Livestock Industry
Milk
Argal
Hunting And Fishing
Hunting
Fishing
Budget Of The Mongolian Family
The Significance Of The Budget
The Average Typical Family
The Structure Of The Budget Of Expenses
Characteristics Of Diet
Home-made Products And Commercial Products
Worth Of The Typical Average Unit Of The Economy
Transportation
Characteristics Of Mongolian Roads
Hardships Encountered On The Mongolian Roads
Means Of Communication.
Main Roads.
Urton Duty.
Prices Of Freight In Mongolia.
Incipient Europeanization Of Transportation.
Currency
Sheep And Tea
Silver
Paper Money.
Competition Between Russian And Chinese Currencies.
The Present State Of Currency In Autonomous Mongolia.
Trade
1. Autonomous Mongolia As A Market.
Capacity Of The Market.
Main Items Of Merchandise.
The Role Of Credit.
Trading Centers And Districts.
2. The Chinese Trade.
Past History Of The Chinese Trade In Mongolia.
Large And Small Firms.
Character Of Operations.
The Mechanics Of Trade.
Cheating.
Strong And Weak Sides Of The Chinese Trade.
3. Russian Private Trade.
History Of Russian Trade With Autonomous Mongolia.
Character Of Russian Trade.
The Mongolian National Bank.
4. The Mongolian Expedition
Origin, Organization, And Activities.
Reasons For The Liquidation Of The Expedition.
5. Cooperatives.
Industry
Industrial Occupations Of The Mongols
Chinese Industry
Mineral Resources Of Autonomous Mongolia.
Agriculture
Farming Regions
Chinese Agriculture
Mongolian Agriculture
Agricultural Prospects In Autonomous Mongolia.
National Wealth, National Income And Expenditures.
Economic Potentialities Of Autonomous Mongolia
Present Economic Situation
Economic Future Of Autonomous Mongolia
Agriculture
Industry
Livestock Breeding
Summary
Untitled Section: ...
The Political History Of Autonomous Mongolia.
The Rise And Decline Of The Mongols
Subjugation By China.
Chinese Policy
The Amursana Rebellion.
Weakening Of The Princely State.
Subjugation Of The Church.
Dynamic Forces In Mongolian History.
Monuments Of The Past In Autonomous Mongolia
Mongolia, — A Historical Graveyard.
Kereksurs.
Sarcophagi
An Ancient Fortress.
Ulan-balgasun.
Karakorum
The Period Of Autonomous Northern Mongolia (1911–1919).
Russian Policy.
The Revolution In Eastern Mongolia.
The Revolution In Western Mongolia.
Ja-lama.
The Siege And Capture Of Kobdo.
Ja-lama's Further Career.
Formalization Of Autonomous Mongolia's International Political Status.
The Uriankhai Question
The Pan-mongolian Movement.
A Glance Into The Future.
State Administration. *
1. Khoshun.
What Is A Khoshun?
Khoshun Administration.
Functions Of Khoshun Administration.
Bak And Sumun.
Shabi.
Mingats.
2. Aimak
What Is An Aimak?
The Administration And Functions Of The Aimak.
Deputy Administrators.
3. The Central Government.
Bogdo-gegen.
The Ministries.
The Ecclesiastical Department.
Representative Organs.
Political Groupings.
State Finances
Russian Loans To Autonomous Mongolia.
The Russian Adviser To The Mongolian Government.
The Budget Of The Central Government.
Alba
Indebtedness Of Khoshun Administrations.
Laws
General Character Of Mongolian Law.
Legal Procedures.
Court Procedures.
Penalties.
Penal Norms.
Laws Concerning Domestic Relations.
The Law Of Inheritance.
Law Of Contracts.
Summary
Untitled Section: ...
Characteristics Of Mongolia's Religion.
Mongolia In Its Theological Phase Of Development.
Religious Beliefs In The Chinggis-khan Epoch.
Conversion To Buddhism.
Pure Buddhism.
Lamaism.
The Religious Life Of Autonomous Mongolia
The Head Of The Church.
Monasteries And Temples.
Religious Services And Festivities.
Economy Of The Church.
The Lamas
The Career Of A Lama.
The Intellectual And Moral Countenance Of The Lamas.
The Individualistic Order Of The Monasteries.
The Role Of The Lama In Mongolian Life.
Astronomy And Medicine.
The Origin Of The World.
The Earth.
The Sun, Moon And Stars.
Measuring Time.
Structure Of The Human Body.
The Origin Of Sickness And Their Diagnosis.
Methods Of Cure.
European Influences.
Types Of Mongolian Monks
1. The Little Gegen And His Teacher.
2. Dzain Gegen.
A Travelling Lama. *
Conclusion
A Look At The Future Of Mongolia.
Two Possible Roads For Mongolia
Russia And Autonomous Mongolia
Postscript
Back Matter
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