Documents
eHRAF is comprised of thousands of ethnographic sources including monographs, journal articles, dissertations and manuscripts. Use this page to find relevant documents by searching or filtering. Each document in eHRAF also contains a Publication Information page with added metadata including brief abstracts written by HRAF analysts who have subject-indexed the file.
Origins and legends of the Shona-speaking peopleessay 1970 • Gudza, Samuel et al.
Shona • Africa > Southern Africa
This document is one of twenty essays on Shona culture and society, written by Zimbabwean students at various secondary schools and colleges. Selected out of a total of two hundred and eight submitted in an essay competition, the document was origina...In unknown ChinaBook 1921 • Pollard, Samuel
Yi • Asia > East Asia
This work is based on the author's personal observations during a prolonged sojourn among the Lolo. Material culture data covering a broad range of information is found throughout. Cultural differences between ethnic subgroups are indicated as are as...A journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772Book 1958 • Hearne, Samuel
Chipewyans • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
In the late eighteenth century Samuel Hearne was commissioned by the Hudson's Bay Company to seek the source of copper ore believed to have originated in the Copper River area of northern Canada, now within the territory of Nunavut (1999). He was als...Journey from Fort Prince Wales, in Hudson's Bay to the northern ocean, for the discovery of copper mines and a north-west passage, performed between the years 1769 and 1772, by Mr. Samuel Hearnebook chapter 1797 • Hearne, Samuel
Copper Inuit • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
This book is of interest chiefly because Hearne was the first European to come in contact with the Copper Inuit. The encounter was brief but bloody as the Indians who accompanied Hearne suprised and ruthlessly massacred a party of Inuits....Colonialism in the Congo basin, 1880-1940Book 1994 • Nelson, Samuel Henry
Mongo • Africa > Central Africa
This book explores the history of the Mongo people of the Congo Basin from 1880s-1940s, as they suffered from, and adaptively responded to, the authoritarian rule of Belgian colonialists. Topics covered include forced labor on foreign rubber and palm...Community, identity and schoolsBook 1991 • Vitone, Samuel Francis
Italian Americans • North America > Regional, Ethnic and Diaspora Cultures
This study describes the changing relationship between Italian and American cultures in San Francisco starting from the period of the California Gold Rush to the Second World War. Specifically this work investigates the manner in which schools and sc...Manners and customsbook chapter 1921 • Johnson, Samuel, d. 1901
Yoruba • Africa > Western Africa
This document, a general section on manners and customs, was written by a native missionary who became the Pastor of Oyo, the capital of Yoruba proper....The dream dance of the Chippewa and Menominee Indians of northern WisconsinBook 1911 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Ojibwa • North America > Arctic and Subarctic
This description of the Dream Dance ceremonial of the Chippewa and Menominee Indians is based upon participation in the ceremony itself as well as interviews with leading figures in the community. The various objects sacred to the ceremonial, the par...The material culture of the Klamath Lake and Modoc Indians of northeastern California and southern OregonBook 1910 • Barrett, Samuel Alfred
Klamath • North America > Plains and Plateau
The article is a general account on the material culture of the Klamath Lake and Modoc Indians. Basketry is the outstanding feature in this material culture. Utensils, housing material, clothing and rafts are woven from various kinds of reeds of the ...The Klamath Indians of southwestern Oregonbook chapter 1890 • Gatschet, Albert Samuel
Klamath • North America > Plains and Plateau
This document is a valuable contribution to the ethnography of the Klamath Indians, written as it was prior to the reservation period during early Indian-White contacts period. This document contains data on geography, settlements, traditional folk-l...Ceremonies of the Pomo IndiansBook 1917 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
This material centers primarily on the Pomo religious ceremonies. Since many of the older, traditional ceremonies were no longer practiced, or else had become so acculturated through contacts with the whites and neighboring tribes, the author had to ...Pomo bear doctorsBook 1917 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
This source deals almost entirely with the Pomo Bear Doctors, their mythological origins, acquisition of power, assistants, clothing, weapons, special rites, and communication with other members of the profession. Comparisons are made between the cus...Pomo Indian basketryBook 1908 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
This document is a technical discussion of the manufacture, decoration and usage of Pomo Indian basketry. The major portion of this work is devoted to decorative motifs used by the Pomo, with indicated variations in type and terminology within the th...The ethno-geography of the Pomo and neighboring Indiansbook chapter 1908 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
This source is divided into three primary sections, the first of which deals briefly with a general description of the area, its inhabitants, culture, history, and the Indians as they existed. Section two deals almost exclusively with the Pomo langua...Pomo buildingsessay 1916 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
This article is primarily concerned with four basic types of Pomo structures, the family dwelling, the sudatory or sweat house, the dance house, and the store houses or caches, used for acorns and other preserved foods. Emphasis is placed on the mann...The army wormessay 1936 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
This document deals with the use of the army worm as a source of food supply among the Pomo Indians. Interesting details are given by the author on the unique traps used by the Pomo in collecting these worms, as well as on the insects themselves (i.e...Material aspects of Pomo cultureBook 1952 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo • North America > Northwest Coast and California
S.A. Barrett did his field work among the Pomo Indians of California from 1894 to approximately 1949, at a time when there were still elderly informants living with a memory of events that took place in the early nineteenth century. The information w...Ka po'e kahikoBook 1968 • Kamakau, Samuel Manaiakalani et al.
Hawaiians • Oceania > Polynesia
This document, Ka Po' e Kahiko, is a translation of Samuel Kamakau's articles on Hawaiian history and culture that appeared in a series of weekly newspaper reports that ran from 1866 to 1871. These articles were translated by a group of Hawaiian scho...The works of the people of old =essay 1976 • Kamakau, Samuel Manaiakalani et al.
Hawaiians • Oceania > Polynesia
This work, Na Hana a ka Po'e Kahiko, is a sequel to Ka Po'e Kahiko (see Kamakau 1964, eHRAF document no. 9 in this file), both of which are translations by Mary Kawena Pukui from Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau's series of newspaper articles which ran fr...The Cayapa Indians of EcuadorBook 1925 • Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Chachi • South America > Northwestern South America
The author, for many years anthropology curator of the Milwaukee Public Museum, did much work in North American archaeology and ethnology, as well as some work in East Africa. The material in the present work was gathered by him on an expedition for ...The Indians of Tierra del Fuegobook chapter 1928 • Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland
Ona • South America > Southern South America
This document is primarily concerned with the material culture of the Ona. The introduction presents information on the natural environment and history of Tierra del Fuego along with a general discussion of the Indian groups occupying the area, parti...The Indians of Tierra del Fuegobook chapter 1928 • Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland
Yahgan • South America > Southern South America
The introduction presents general information on the natural environment of Tierra del Fuego as a whole, with notes on the history and bibliography of the area and data on the culture status and physical type of the Fuegians. The section particularly...A Quiché altararticle 1926 • Lothrop, S. K. (Samuel Kirkland)
Quiché Maya • Middle America and the Caribbean > Maya Area
This is a short article on a traditional Quiché mountain altar that the author claims is evidence of the survival of pre-Christian religious practices labeled "nagualism."...Polychrome Guanaco cloaks of PatagoniaBook 1929 • Lothrop, S. K. (Samuel Kirkland)
Tehuelche • South America > Southern South America
This article, by a professional anthropologist, deals with the construction and decoration of the skin robes worn by the Tehuelche, and contains some material on weapons and hunting. The distribution of the decorative elements is discussed with refer...