@Misc{oc13-012,
  author = 	{Appell, George N.
		and Appell, Laura W. R.},
  title = 	{To converse with the Gods: the Rungus BOBOLIZAN -- spirit medium and priestess},
  year = 	{1993},
  publisher = 	{Borneo Research Council},
  address = 	{Williamsburg, Va.},
  volume = 	{v. 2},
  pages = 	{3--53},
  keywords = 	{Dusun (Bornean people); Rungus Dusun; Theory of disease; Religious beliefs; Revelation and divination; Magicians and diviners},
  abstract = 	{This article is on female spirit mediums, the BOBOLIZAN. The Appells argue that the bobolizan are distinct from shamans and other religious types, because their trances are not soul journeys, or forms of spirit possession. Rather they are disassociative states akin to dreaming. A trance consists of a conversation between the bobolizan and her spirit familiar, or LUMA'AG. There are two major groups of supernatural beings: celestial gods (OSUNDUW) and spirits, which include the ROGON and rice spirits (ODU-ODU). The ROGON are spirits of the physical and social environment. They are generally feared because they cause of sickness. RUSOD are a more benevolent type of rogon and are household guardians. Rice spirits are responsible for agricultural yields. The body has multiple souls that correspond to the different gods and spirits. The HATOD is the counterpart of the RUSOD and the DIVATO, or LUGU', are counterparts to celestial gods. With the help of her spirit familiar, the bobolizan intercedes  in cases of disease, misfortune, infertility, and crop failure. Seven photos are included.},
  note = 	{George N. Appell and LAura W. R. Appell},
  note = 	{SML;from library 1/19/00; copied 3/00; Pages: 53 to analysis 6/21/00; analysis completed 10/00; 53 text pages.},
  note = 	{Includes bibliographical references  (p. 49-53)},
  isbn = 	{0962956813},
  url = 	{https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=oc13-012},
  language = 	{English}
  note =        {Accessed on: 2022-08-11}
}