@Misc{er06-023, author = {Shanklin, Eugenia}, title = {"Life underneath the market": herders and gombeenmen in ninteenth-century Donegal}, year = {1994}, publisher = {The University of Arizona Press}, address = {Tucson, Ariz.}, pages = {103-121, 229-251}, keywords = {Ireland; Rural conditions; Rural Irish; Eireanneach; Annual cycle; Pastoral activities; Vegetable production; Diet; Real property; Borrowing and lending}, abstract = {This is an historical account of the demise of transhumance in nineteenth-century Donegal, and subsequent changes in diet from dairy products and oats to potatoes, Indian meal (cornmeal), and tea. The [n]gombeenman[/n], or shopkeeper-money lender, facilitated a societal change from self-sufficient herders to dependent peasants. The rise of cooperatives in the following century broke the hold [n]gombeenmen[/n] had over rural farmers.}, note = {Eugenia Shanklin}, note = {LOC search performed 3 December 2012scanned 6 Dec 2012}, note = {Includes bibliographical references}, isbn = {0816514305}, url = {https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=er06-023}, language = {English} note = {Accessed on: 2022-07-01} }